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P412D P250D P263D P387D 10-K true 2024-12-31 --12-31 false 001-40653 Duolingo, Inc. DE 45-3055872 5900 Penn Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15206 (412) 567-6602 Class A common stock, $0.0001 per share DUOL NASDAQ Yes No Yes Yes Large Accelerated Filer false false true false false 6153312710 39044190 6198612 <div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2025 annual meeting of stockholders, which the registrant intends to file pursuant to Regulation 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.</div> <div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program includes a cybersecurity incident response plan. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We design and assess our program based on the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) 27001 requirements. This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the ISO 27001 requirements as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our cybersecurity risk management program includes:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•a dedicated information security team principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management; </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•a third-party risk management process for service providers, suppliers, and vendors.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected us, including our operations, business strategy, financial condition, or results of operations. We face risks from cybersecurity threats that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, financial condition, or results of operations. See Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry – Security breaches of our IT Systems, improper or unauthorized access to or disclosure of our Confidential Information, other hacking and social engineering or phishing attacks on our IT Systems or service, or other cyber incidents could disrupt our services or compromise Confidential Information related to our business and expose us to liability, which could harm our reputation and materially adversely affect our business.”.</div> <div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program includes a cybersecurity incident response plan. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We design and assess our program based on the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) 27001 requirements. This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the ISO 27001 requirements as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.</div> true true true false <div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our Board has ultimate oversight of cybersecurity risk and is assisted by its Audit Committee (the "Committee"), which regularly reviews our cybersecurity program with management and reports to the Board. Cybersecurity reviews by the Committee generally occur quarterly or more frequently as determined to be necessary or advisable. Committee members also receive presentations on cybersecurity topics and trends from our Information Security Management Leader, internal cybersecurity staff or external experts as part of the Committee's continuing education on topics that impact public companies.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our management team oversees our cybersecurity risk management through our Information Security Management System Governance Council, which is chaired by our Information Security Management Leader and includes our Chief Technology Officer, Chief Engineering Officer, and General Counsel, along with employee subject matter experts in law, privacy, engineering, and cybersecurity. This Governance Council also includes the leader of our dedicated Information Security Team, who has over six years of specific cybersecurity experience, manages the day-to-day activities needed to prevent, detect, and mitigate cybersecurity incidents, and reports to senior management through the Governance Council.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.</div> Our Board has ultimate oversight of cybersecurity risk and is assisted by its Audit Committee (the "Committee"), which regularly reviews our cybersecurity program with management and reports to the Board. true Committee members also receive presentations on cybersecurity topics and trends from our Information Security Management Leader, internal cybersecurity staff or external experts as part of the Committee's continuing education on topics that impact public companies. <div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our management team oversees our cybersecurity risk management through our Information Security Management System Governance Council, which is chaired by our Information Security Management Leader and includes our Chief Technology Officer, Chief Engineering Officer, and General Counsel, along with employee subject matter experts in law, privacy, engineering, and cybersecurity. This Governance Council also includes the leader of our dedicated Information Security Team, who has over six years of specific cybersecurity experience, manages the day-to-day activities needed to prevent, detect, and mitigate cybersecurity incidents, and reports to senior management through the Governance Council.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.</div> Our management team oversees our cybersecurity risk management through our Information Security Management System Governance Council, which is chaired by our Information Security Management Leader and includes our Chief Technology Officer, Chief Engineering Officer, and General Counsel, along with employee subject matter experts in law, privacy, engineering, and cybersecurity. true This Governance Council also includes the leader of our dedicated Information Security Team, who has over six years of specific cybersecurity experience, manages the day-to-day activities needed to prevent, detect, and mitigate cybersecurity incidents, and reports to senior management through the Governance Council. <div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.</div> 34 Deloitte & Touche LLP New York, New York

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DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Duolingo, Inc. (the “Company” or “Duolingo”) was formed on August 18, 2011, and the Duolingo App was launched to the general public on June 19, 2012. The Company’s headquarters are located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Duolingo is a US-based mobile learning platform, as well as a digital English language proficiency assessment exam. The Company has a freemium business model: the app and the website are accessible free of charge, although Duolingo also offers premium services for a subscription fee. As of the date of this filing, Duolingo offers courses in over 40 different languages, including Spanish, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Japanese and Chinese. We have locations in the U.S., China and Germany. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Principles of Consolidation—The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which the Company has control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Basis of Presentation—The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) from the Company’s accounting records and reflect the consolidated financial position and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts (other than per share amounts) are referred to in thousands. </div>The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Principles of Consolidation—The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which the Company has control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) from the Company’s accounting records and reflect the consolidated financial position and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts (other than per share amounts) are referred to in thousands.<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Accounting Principles—The Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with GAAP.</div>

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Accounting Principles—The Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with GAAP.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Use of Estimates—The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements include, but are not limited to, useful lives of property and equipment, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation, operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, capitalization of internally developed software and associated useful lives and contingent liabilities, fair value of investments and valuation of goodwill and intangible assets from acquisitions. Actual results may differ materially from such estimates. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements will be affected.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Revenue Recognition—The Company has four predominant sources of revenue; time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases. See Note 5, Revenue, for further discussion.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Deferred Revenues—Revenue is recognized over the life of the subscription, or in the case of Duolingo English Test, revenue is recognized when the test is proctored. The Company classifies deferred revenue as a short-term liability on the consolidated balance sheets as the longest subscription plan is for twelve months, and Duolingo English Test purchases must be taken within 21 days.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Cost of Revenues—Cost of revenue predominantly consists of third-party payment processing fees charged by various distribution channel and hosting fees. To a much lesser extent, includes wages and stock-based compensation for certain employees in the capacity of customer support, amortization of revenue generating capitalized software, and depreciation of certain property and equipment.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Deferred Cost of Revenues—Deferred cost of revenue includes third-party payment processing fees amortized over the subscription terms in proportion to the revenue recognized. In situations where fees are charged for subscriptions that exceed one month, costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the subscription and are classified as a current asset. The Company classifies deferred cost of revenue as a short-term asset on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as the longest subscription plan is for twelve months.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Cash and Cash Equivalents—Cash consists primarily of cash on hand and bank deposits. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market accounts with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition and are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company maintains cash deposits with financial institutions that may exceed federally insured limits at times. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Investments —Investments consist primarily of corporate debt securities, U.S. Treasury securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase based upon management’s intent with regard to such investments. The Company’s investments are classified as held-to-maturity at the time of purchase, and such classifications are reevaluated as of each balance sheet date. All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. Investments with remaining contractual maturities of one year or less from the balance sheet date, which are not considered cash equivalents, are classified as short-term investments, and those with remaining contractual maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments. All investments are recorded at amortized cost. Realized gains and losses on sales and maturities of investments are determined based on the specific identification method and are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We perform periodic evaluations to determine whether any declines in the fair value of investments below cost are other-than-temporary. The evaluation consists of qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the severity and duration of the unrealized loss, as well as the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investments until a forecasted recovery occurs. The impairments are considered to be other-than-temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely that the underlying securities will be sold or mature prior to a full recovery of their cost basis. Other-than-temporary fair value impairments, if any, are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in Other (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Restricted Cash—Restricted cash consists of a collateralized letter of credit established in connection with a lease agreement for the Company’s Sub-Sublease in New York, which was signed in December 2023. Restricted cash is included in non-current assets for leases that expire in more than one year from the balance sheet date.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Accounts Receivable—Accounts receivables are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at the outstanding principal amount adjusted for any allowance for credit losses and any charge offs. The Company provides an allowance for credit losses to reduce trade receivables to their estimated net </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">realizable value equal to the amount that is expected to be collected. This allowance is estimated based on historical collection experience, the aging of receivables, specific current and expected future macro-economic and market conditions, and assessments of the current creditworthiness and economic status of customers. The Company considers a receivable delinquent if it is unpaid after the term of the related invoice has expired. Balances that are still outstanding after management has used reasonable collection efforts are written off. The Company reviews its allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not recorded a reserve given the Company’s lack of historical write offs.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Property and Equipment—Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:73.258%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:24.542%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Asset Class</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Estimated Useful Life</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Furniture, fixtures and equipment</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">4 to 6 years</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Leasehold improvements</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">5 to 10 years</div></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the leasehold improvements. Costs related to maintenance and repairs that do not extend the assets’ useful life are expensed as incurred. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Acquisitions—The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for business combination transactions, and, accordingly, recognizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of the acquired company are expensed as incurred. The allocation of fair values may be subject to adjustment after the initial allocation for up to a one-year period as more information becomes available relative to the fair values as of the acquisition date. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of operations of any acquired company since the acquisition date.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Goodwill—The Company recognizes the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired at the acquisition date as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment annually and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company will review goodwill for impairment annually on October 1st of each fiscal year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. The Company will first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, then the reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s carrying value, then the carrying value of the reporting unit is deemed to be recoverable. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s fair value, goodwill is impaired and written down to the reporting unit’s fair value.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Intangible Assets—The majority of the Company’s intangible assets is capitalized software, with minimal acquired technology and other intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company develops software for internal use and capitalizes the software development costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs incurred prior to and after the application development stage are charged to expense. When the software is ready for its intended use, capitalization ceases and such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life, which is generally three years. Relatively minor upgrades, enhancements and maintenance to the platform are expensed as incurred.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Income Taxes—The Company provides for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities for financial reporting and for income tax reporting. The deferred tax asset or liability represents the future tax return consequences of those difference, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is established for any deferred tax asset for which it is determined that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company limits the deferred tax assets recognized related to certain officers’ compensation to amounts that it estimates will be deductible in future periods based upon Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 162(m). </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company utilizes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance with the asset and liability method. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that a position will be sustained if examined by a taxing authority.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with a tax authority. There were no amounts recorded at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 related to uncertain tax positions.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Foreign Currency—The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net loss for the year. The Company has not, to the date of these Consolidated Financial Statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Fair Value of Financial Instruments—The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to fair value measurements and disclosures. The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Research and Development Costs—Research and development expenses are incurred as the Company maintains and enhances its software and evaluates and develops other potential applications. Such expenses include compensation of engineering, product design and testing personnel, including stock-based compensation, materials, travel and direct costs associated with the design and required testing of our platform and depreciation of certain property and equipment. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Sales and Marketing—Sales and marketing expenses are expensed as incurred and consists primarily of new user acquisition, brand marketing, digital and social media content, and employee-related compensation, including stock-based compensation, for personnel engaged in sales and marketing functions, amortization of non-revenue generating capitalized software used to promote Duolingo and depreciation of certain property and equipment. Advertising costs were approximately $62,373, $52,969 and $48,111 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">General and Administrative—General and administrative expense primarily consists of employee-related compensation (including stock-based compensation) for management and administrative functions, including our finance and accounting, legal, and people teams. General and administrative expense also includes certain professional services fees, general corporate and director and officer </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">insurance, facilities costs, and other general overhead costs that support our operations, and depreciation of certain property and equipment. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Concentration of Credit Risk—The Company’s concentration of credit risk relates to financial institutions holding the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and platforms with significant accounts receivable balances and revenue transactions.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company maintains cash deposits with financial institutions that may exceed federally insured limits at times. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s deposits are financially credit worthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The majority of our revenue comes through our subscriptions and advertising streams and payments are made to Duolingo through service providers. The top two service providers, Apple and Google, accounted for 64.7% and 21.2% of total Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024, respectively. The top three service providers, Apple, Google and Stripe, accounted for 65.2%, 20.7% and 10.7% of total Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023, respectively. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Stock-Based Compensation—The Company accounts for equity-based compensation using the fair value method as set forth in the ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards based on estimated fair values. This method requires companies to estimate the fair value of stock-based compensation on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The Company estimates the fair value of each equity-based payment award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Black-Scholes model determines the fair value of equity-based payment awards based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant and requires the use of estimates and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, exercise price of the stock option, expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend rate. The Company estimates the expected volatility of its stock options by taking the average historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies over a period equal to the expected life of the options; it is not practical for the Company to estimate its own volatility due to the lack of historical prices. The expected term of the options is determined in accordance with existing equity agreements as the underlying options are assumed to be exercised upon the passage of time. The risk-free interest rate is the estimated average interest rate based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon notes with terms consistent with the expected life of the awards. The expected dividend yield is zero as the Company does not anticipate paying any recurring cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company began to grant RSUs in November 2020. The fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Generally, the service-based vesting condition for the majority of these awards is satisfied over four years. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Performance-based RSUs </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In June 2021, the Company granted 1,800 (one million eight-hundred thousand) performance-based RSUs to the Company’s founders (“Founder Awards”). The Founder Awards are divided into ten equal tranches with each tranche becoming eligible to vest upon achievement of the specified stock-price hurdles. The Founder Awards vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based condition and a performance-based condition and generally are settled one year after vesting. The service-based condition is satisfied as to 25% of the Founder Awards on each anniversary of the completion of the IPO, subject to the continuous service of the founders through the applicable date. The fair value of the </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Founder Awards is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The associated stock-based compensation is recorded over the derived service period, using the accelerated attribution method. If the stock-price hurdles are met sooner than the requisite service period, the stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted to prospectively recognize the remaining expense over the remaining derived service period. Provided that the founders continue to provide services to us, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the derived service period, regardless of whether the stock-price hurdles are achieved. The first and second tranches were met during the year ended December 31, 2021. The third and fourth tranches were met during the year ended December 31, 2023. The fifth and sixth tranches were met during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company recognized $19,799, $26,622 and $30,997 of stock-based compensation expense related to these awards, during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included within General and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Contingencies—The Company records accruals for contingencies and legal proceedings expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">If a loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss, would be disclosed.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Segment—The Company operates as a single operating segment and derives revenues from customers through time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases. The Chief Executive Officer, as the chief operating decision maker, evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on consolidated net income, as presented in the income statement, supplemented by disaggregated revenue details. Significant segment expenses are those that are presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it has a single reportable segment and operating segment structure, and operates as one reporting unit.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Leases—The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, which requires virtually all leases, other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease, to be recorded on the balance sheet with a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability. ROU assets are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances arise. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred no impairment charges on ROU assets. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">On the lease commencement date, each lease is classified as either finance or operating, depending on certain criteria. The Company determined that it only has operating leases as none of the criteria for finance lease classification were met. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) in General and administrative expenses. On the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Cash Flows, payments for operating leases, are included in operating activities. As an accounting policy election, the Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for all asset classes and made an accounting policy election for short-term leases which does not require the capitalization of leases with terms of 12 months or less at lease commencement. The discount rate utilized in calculating the lease liability is the rate implicit in the lease, if known; otherwise, the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) for the expected lease term is used. The Company’s IBR approximates the rate the Company would have to pay, on a collateralized basis, to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Impairment of long-lived assets— The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of an asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. Measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset. The Company recorded an impairment of capitalized software of $238 for the year ended December 31, 2024, and no impairment during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which represents an impairment to write-off the capitalization of an internal-use software project prior to being launched to the user base.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Allowance for Credit Losses—The Company evaluates its cash equivalents, accounts receivable and held-to-maturity marketable securities financial assets for expected credit losses. Expected credit losses represent the portion of the amortized cost basis of a financial asset that an entity does not expect to collect. An allowance for expected credit losses is meant to reflect a risk of loss even if remote, irrespective of the expectation of collection from a particular issuer or debt security. The Company has not historically experienced any credit losses on any of its financial assets.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">With respect to cash equivalents and accounts receivable, given consideration of their short maturity, lack of historical losses and the current environment, the Company concluded there is generally no expected credit losses for these financial assets. With respect to held-to-maturity marketable securities which are comprised of debt securities, the Company evaluates expected credit losses on a pooled basis based on issuer-type which have similar credit risk characteristics. The allowance for credit losses is immaterial for all periods presented.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Recently Issued Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">There are no recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has not yet adopted that they believe are applicable or would have a material impact on the financial statements of the Company.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which includes improvements to income tax disclosures. The standard is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendment requires new financial statement disclosures to provide disaggregated information for certain types of expenses, including employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization in commonly presented expense captions such as cost of revenue, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements</div>In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2024. Refer to our discussion above under “Segment” within this footnote.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Use of Estimates—The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements include, but are not limited to, useful lives of property and equipment, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation, operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, capitalization of internally developed software and associated useful lives and contingent liabilities, fair value of investments and valuation of goodwill and intangible assets from acquisitions. Actual results may differ materially from such estimates. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements will be affected.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Revenue Recognition—The Company has four predominant sources of revenue; time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases. See Note 5, Revenue, for further discussion.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Deferred Revenues—Revenue is recognized over the life of the subscription, or in the case of Duolingo English Test, revenue is recognized when the test is proctored. The Company classifies deferred revenue as a short-term liability on the consolidated balance sheets as the longest subscription plan is for twelve months, and Duolingo English Test purchases must be taken within 21 days.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Cost of Revenues—Cost of revenue predominantly consists of third-party payment processing fees charged by various distribution channel and hosting fees. To a much lesser extent, includes wages and stock-based compensation for certain employees in the capacity of customer support, amortization of revenue generating capitalized software, and depreciation of certain property and equipment.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Deferred Cost of Revenues—Deferred cost of revenue includes third-party payment processing fees amortized over the subscription terms in proportion to the revenue recognized. In situations where fees are charged for subscriptions that exceed one month, costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the subscription and are classified as a current asset. The Company classifies deferred cost of revenue as a short-term asset on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as the longest subscription plan is for twelve months.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has four predominant sources of revenues; time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to users in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. The Company does not enter into contracts with a customer that contain multiple promises that result in multiple performance </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">obligations. Revenue is recorded net of taxes assessed by a government authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue transactions between Duolingo and its users.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Revenue from time-based subscriptions includes a stand-ready obligation to provide hosting services that are consumed by the customer over the subscription period. Users can purchase Duolingo monthly or they can purchase a year-long subscription and pay for the subscription at the time of purchase. Under the year-long subscription, users can also purchase a single plan or a family plan. The family plan includes up to six users on one subscription. Such payments are initially recorded to deferred revenue. The user has the ability to download limited content offline. However, as there is a significant level of integration and interdependency with the online functionality, the Company considers the service to be a single performance obligation for the online and offline content. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company enters into arrangements with advertising networks to monetize the in-app advertising inventory. Revenue from in-app advertising placement is recognized at a point in time when the advertisement is placed and is based upon the amount received.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Duolingo English Test revenue is generally recognized once the tests have gone through the proctoring process and a certification decision has been made. This process usually takes less than 48 hours after the test has been completed and uploaded. Customers have 21 days from the date of purchase to take the exam or their purchase will expire and revenue will be recognized. Virtually all customers complete their exams prior to expiration. Sometimes organizations may purchase tests in bulk via coupons with a one year expiration date. The Company will defer revenue from all tests that have neither been proctored nor expired.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company’s users have the option to purchase consumable in-app virtual goods. The Company recognizes revenue over the period in which the user consumes the virtual good, which is generally within a month. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company also recognizes revenue from Dos Lenguas LLC “Duo’s Taquería”, a restaurant that opened during 2022, in the space adjacent to Duolingo’s headquarters in Pittsburgh. Revenue from Duo’s Taquería is recognized at a point in time when the sales are made.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Principal Agent Considerations—The Company makes its application available to be downloaded through third-party digital distribution service providers. Users who purchase subscriptions also pay through the respective app stores. The Company evaluates the purchases via third-party payment processors to determine whether its revenues should be reported gross or net of fees retained by the payment processor. The Company is the principal in the transaction with the end user as a result of controlling, hosting, and integrating the delivery of the virtual items to the end user. The Company records revenue gross as a principal and records fees paid to third-party payment processors as Cost of revenues.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Contract Balances—Deferred revenue mostly consists of payments received in advance of revenue recognition, and is mostly related to time-based subscriptions, which will be recognized into revenue over the course of the upcoming year (recognized over 12 months or less). Additionally, the Duolingo English Test has deferred revenue related to tests that have been purchased, but will not be recognized until the tests have been proctored. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Disaggregation of Revenue</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into revenue streams, which most closely depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.</div>

4 P21D

Cash and Cash Equivalents—Cash consists primarily of cash on hand and bank deposits. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market accounts with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition and are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company maintains cash deposits with financial institutions that may exceed federally insured limits at times.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Investments —Investments consist primarily of corporate debt securities, U.S. Treasury securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase based upon management’s intent with regard to such investments. The Company’s investments are classified as held-to-maturity at the time of purchase, and such classifications are reevaluated as of each balance sheet date. All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. Investments with remaining contractual maturities of one year or less from the balance sheet date, which are not considered cash equivalents, are classified as short-term investments, and those with remaining contractual maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments. All investments are recorded at amortized cost. Realized gains and losses on sales and maturities of investments are determined based on the specific identification method and are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We perform periodic evaluations to determine whether any declines in the fair value of investments below cost are other-than-temporary. The evaluation consists of qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the severity and duration of the unrealized loss, as well as the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investments until a forecasted recovery occurs. The impairments are considered to be other-than-temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely that the underlying securities will be sold or mature prior to a full recovery of their cost basis. Other-than-temporary fair value impairments, if any, are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in Other (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Restricted Cash—Restricted cash consists of a collateralized letter of credit established in connection with a lease agreement for the Company’s Sub-Sublease in New York, which was signed in December 2023. Restricted cash is included in non-current assets for leases that expire in more than one year from the balance sheet date.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Accounts Receivable—Accounts receivables are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at the outstanding principal amount adjusted for any allowance for credit losses and any charge offs. The Company provides an allowance for credit losses to reduce trade receivables to their estimated net </div>realizable value equal to the amount that is expected to be collected. This allowance is estimated based on historical collection experience, the aging of receivables, specific current and expected future macro-economic and market conditions, and assessments of the current creditworthiness and economic status of customers. The Company considers a receivable delinquent if it is unpaid after the term of the related invoice has expired. Balances that are still outstanding after management has used reasonable collection efforts are written off.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Property and Equipment—Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:73.258%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:24.542%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Asset Class</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Estimated Useful Life</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Furniture, fixtures and equipment</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">4 to 6 years</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Leasehold improvements</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">5 to 10 years</div></td></tr></table></div>Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the leasehold improvements. Costs related to maintenance and repairs that do not extend the assets’ useful life are expensed as incurred.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:73.258%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:24.542%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Asset Class</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Estimated Useful Life</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Furniture, fixtures and equipment</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">4 to 6 years</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Leasehold improvements</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">5 to 10 years</div></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Property and equipment consists of the following as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Leasehold improvements</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,938 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">18,191 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Furniture, fixtures and equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,415 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,869 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total property and equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">35,353 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">24,060 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Less: accumulated depreciation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(16,410)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(12,268)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total property and equipment, net</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">18,943 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">11,792 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Depreciation expense is included within the following financial statement line items within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:53.867%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.845%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Research and development</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,358 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,650 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,500 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">281 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">190 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">190 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,326 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,260 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,428 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,965 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,100 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,118 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

P4Y

P6Y

P5Y

P10Y

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Acquisitions—The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for business combination transactions, and, accordingly, recognizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of the acquired company are expensed as incurred. The allocation of fair values may be subject to adjustment after the initial allocation for up to a one-year period as more information becomes available relative to the fair values as of the acquisition date. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of operations of any acquired company since the acquisition date.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Goodwill—The Company recognizes the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired at the acquisition date as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment annually and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company will review goodwill for impairment annually on October 1st of each fiscal year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. The Company will first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, then the reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s carrying value, then the carrying value of the reporting unit is deemed to be recoverable. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s fair value, goodwill is impaired and written down to the reporting unit’s fair value.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Intangible Assets—The majority of the Company’s intangible assets is capitalized software, with minimal acquired technology and other intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company develops software for internal use and capitalizes the software development costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs incurred prior to and after the application development stage are charged to expense. When the software is ready for its intended use, capitalization ceases and such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life, which is generally three years. Relatively minor upgrades, enhancements and maintenance to the platform are expensed as incurred.</div>

P3Y

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Income Taxes—The Company provides for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities for financial reporting and for income tax reporting. The deferred tax asset or liability represents the future tax return consequences of those difference, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is established for any deferred tax asset for which it is determined that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company limits the deferred tax assets recognized related to certain officers’ compensation to amounts that it estimates will be deductible in future periods based upon Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 162(m). </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company utilizes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance with the asset and liability method. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that a position will be sustained if examined by a taxing authority.</div>The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with a tax authority.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Foreign Currency—The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net loss for the year. The Company has not, to the date of these Consolidated Financial Statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Fair Value of Financial Instruments—The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to fair value measurements and disclosures. The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature.</div>

Research and Development Costs—Research and development expenses are incurred as the Company maintains and enhances its software and evaluates and develops other potential applications. Such expenses include compensation of engineering, product design and testing personnel, including stock-based compensation, materials, travel and direct costs associated with the design and required testing of our platform and depreciation of certain property and equipment.

Sales and Marketing—Sales and marketing expenses are expensed as incurred and consists primarily of new user acquisition, brand marketing, digital and social media content, and employee-related compensation, including stock-based compensation, for personnel engaged in sales and marketing functions, amortization of non-revenue generating capitalized software used to promote Duolingo and depreciation of certain property and equipment.

62373000

52969000

48111000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">General and Administrative—General and administrative expense primarily consists of employee-related compensation (including stock-based compensation) for management and administrative functions, including our finance and accounting, legal, and people teams. General and administrative expense also includes certain professional services fees, general corporate and director and officer </div>insurance, facilities costs, and other general overhead costs that support our operations, and depreciation of certain property and equipment.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Concentration of Credit Risk—The Company’s concentration of credit risk relates to financial institutions holding the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and platforms with significant accounts receivable balances and revenue transactions.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company maintains cash deposits with financial institutions that may exceed federally insured limits at times. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s deposits are financially credit worthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances.</div>

0.647

0.212

0.652

0.207

0.107

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Stock-Based Compensation—The Company accounts for equity-based compensation using the fair value method as set forth in the ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards based on estimated fair values. This method requires companies to estimate the fair value of stock-based compensation on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The Company estimates the fair value of each equity-based payment award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Black-Scholes model determines the fair value of equity-based payment awards based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant and requires the use of estimates and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, exercise price of the stock option, expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend rate. The Company estimates the expected volatility of its stock options by taking the average historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies over a period equal to the expected life of the options; it is not practical for the Company to estimate its own volatility due to the lack of historical prices. The expected term of the options is determined in accordance with existing equity agreements as the underlying options are assumed to be exercised upon the passage of time. The risk-free interest rate is the estimated average interest rate based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon notes with terms consistent with the expected life of the awards. The expected dividend yield is zero as the Company does not anticipate paying any recurring cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company began to grant RSUs in November 2020. The fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Generally, the service-based vesting condition for the majority of these awards is satisfied over four years. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Performance-based RSUs </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In June 2021, the Company granted 1,800 (one million eight-hundred thousand) performance-based RSUs to the Company’s founders (“Founder Awards”). The Founder Awards are divided into ten equal tranches with each tranche becoming eligible to vest upon achievement of the specified stock-price hurdles. The Founder Awards vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based condition and a performance-based condition and generally are settled one year after vesting. The service-based condition is satisfied as to 25% of the Founder Awards on each anniversary of the completion of the IPO, subject to the continuous service of the founders through the applicable date. The fair value of the </div>Founder Awards is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The associated stock-based compensation is recorded over the derived service period, using the accelerated attribution method. If the stock-price hurdles are met sooner than the requisite service period, the stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted to prospectively recognize the remaining expense over the remaining derived service period. Provided that the founders continue to provide services to us, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the derived service period, regardless of whether the stock-price hurdles are achieved. The first and second tranches were met during the year ended December 31, 2021.

P4Y

1800000

19799000

26622000

30997000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Contingencies—The Company records accruals for contingencies and legal proceedings expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">If a loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss, would be disclosed.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Segment—The Company operates as a single operating segment and derives revenues from customers through time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases. The Chief Executive Officer, as the chief operating decision maker, evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on consolidated net income, as presented in the income statement, supplemented by disaggregated revenue details. Significant segment expenses are those that are presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it has a single reportable segment and operating segment structure, and operates as one reporting unit.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Leases—The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, which requires virtually all leases, other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease, to be recorded on the balance sheet with a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability. ROU assets are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances arise. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred no impairment charges on ROU assets. </div>On the lease commencement date, each lease is classified as either finance or operating, depending on certain criteria. The Company determined that it only has operating leases as none of the criteria for finance lease classification were met. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) in General and administrative expenses. On the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Cash Flows, payments for operating leases, are included in operating activities. As an accounting policy election, the Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for all asset classes and made an accounting policy election for short-term leases which does not require the capitalization of leases with terms of 12 months or less at lease commencement. The discount rate utilized in calculating the lease liability is the rate implicit in the lease, if known; otherwise, the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) for the expected lease term is used. The Company’s IBR approximates the rate the Company would have to pay, on a collateralized basis, to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms.

Impairment of long-lived assets— The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of an asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. Measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset.

238000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Allowance for Credit Losses—The Company evaluates its cash equivalents, accounts receivable and held-to-maturity marketable securities financial assets for expected credit losses. Expected credit losses represent the portion of the amortized cost basis of a financial asset that an entity does not expect to collect. An allowance for expected credit losses is meant to reflect a risk of loss even if remote, irrespective of the expectation of collection from a particular issuer or debt security. The Company has not historically experienced any credit losses on any of its financial assets.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">With respect to cash equivalents and accounts receivable, given consideration of their short maturity, lack of historical losses and the current environment, the Company concluded there is generally no expected credit losses for these financial assets. With respect to held-to-maturity marketable securities which are comprised of debt securities, the Company evaluates expected credit losses on a pooled basis based on issuer-type which have similar credit risk characteristics. The allowance for credit losses is immaterial for all periods presented.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Recently Issued Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">There are no recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has not yet adopted that they believe are applicable or would have a material impact on the financial statements of the Company.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which includes improvements to income tax disclosures. The standard is effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendment requires new financial statement disclosures to provide disaggregated information for certain types of expenses, including employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization in commonly presented expense captions such as cost of revenue, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements</div>In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2024. Refer to our discussion above under “Segment” within this footnote.

FAIR VALUE<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to fair value measurements and disclosures. The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring and non-recurring basis. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and credit risk.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Level 1—Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical investments that the Company has the ability to access.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Level 2—Inputs include:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, which are observable either directly or indirectly;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability, which require the reporting entity to develop its own estimates and assumptions relating to the pricing of the asset or liability including assumptions regarding risk.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table presents amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value by major security type and balance sheet classification as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:18.932%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.476%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.278%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.120%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="42" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">As of December 31, 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Amortized Cost</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Gains</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Losses</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Fair Value</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Cash Equivalents</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Short-Term Investments</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Long-Term Investments</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cash</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">73,351 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">73,351 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Commercial paper</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,659 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,661 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,659 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Money market funds</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">728,099 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">728,101 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,659 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:3pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 2</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Asset-backed securities</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,280 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1)</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,289 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,583 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Certificates of deposit</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,521 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(14)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,507 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,521 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Corporate debt securities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">126,031 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(494)</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">125,543 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">55,013 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">71,018 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">U.S. Treasury securities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,255 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(61)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,195 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,964 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,291 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">173,087 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(570)</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">172,534 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">76,195 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">96,892 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:3pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 3</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Investment in SAFE</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">901,186 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(571)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">975,386 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">785,791 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">91,854 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">98,292 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:18.771%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.278%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.120%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="42" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">As of December 31, 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Amortized Cost</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Gains</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Losses</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Fair Value</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Cash Equivalents</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Short-Term Investments</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Long-Term Investments</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cash</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">50,373 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">50,373 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:3pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Money market funds</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">747,610 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">747,610 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all of the Company’s short-term investments have contractual maturities of one year or less and all of the Company’s long-term investments have contractual maturities between one and seven years. The Company has elected to present accrued interest within Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, which was $1,487 and $0 as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Changes in market interest rates, credit risk of borrowers and overall market liquidity, amongst other factors, may cause the short-term and long-term debt investments to fall below their amortized cost basis, resulting in unrealized losses. For those debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024, the Company does not intend to sell, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell, such securities before recovering the amortized cost basis. No other-than-temporary impairments have been recognized in the financial statements for the periods ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market accounts with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition and are classified within Level 1. </div>The Company’s investments in corporate debt securities, U.S. Treasury securities, certificates of deposit, and asset-backed securities, which collectively are investments in held-to-maturity debt securities, are classified within Level 2, as their valuation requires quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and/or model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to fair value measurements and disclosures. The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring and non-recurring basis. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and credit risk.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Level 1—Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical investments that the Company has the ability to access.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Level 2—Inputs include:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, which are observable either directly or indirectly;</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•Inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability, which require the reporting entity to develop its own estimates and assumptions relating to the pricing of the asset or liability including assumptions regarding risk.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table presents amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value by major security type and balance sheet classification as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:18.932%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.476%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.278%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.120%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="42" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">As of December 31, 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Amortized Cost</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Gains</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Losses</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Fair Value</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Cash Equivalents</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Short-Term Investments</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Long-Term Investments</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cash</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">73,351 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">73,351 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Commercial paper</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,659 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,661 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,659 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Money market funds</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">728,099 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">728,101 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712,440 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,659 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:3pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 2</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Asset-backed securities</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,280 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1)</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,289 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,583 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Certificates of deposit</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,521 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(14)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,507 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,521 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Corporate debt securities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">126,031 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(494)</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">125,543 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">55,013 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">71,018 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">U.S. Treasury securities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,255 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(61)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,195 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,964 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,291 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">173,087 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(570)</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">172,534 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">76,195 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">96,892 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:3pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 3</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Investment in SAFE</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">901,186 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(571)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">975,386 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">785,791 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">91,854 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">98,292 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:18.771%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.637%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.278%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.120%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="42" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">As of December 31, 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Amortized Cost</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Gains</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Unrealized Losses</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Fair Value</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Cash Equivalents</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Short-Term Investments</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Long-Term Investments</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cash</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">50,373 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">50,373 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:3pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Level 1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Money market funds</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-left:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">697,237 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">747,610 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-left:1pt solid #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">747,610 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

73351000

15659000

2000

1000

15661000

15659000

712440000

728099000

2000

1000

728101000

712440000

15659000

16280000

10000

1000

16289000

697000

15583000

11521000

14000

11507000

11521000

126031000

7000

494000

125543000

55013000

71018000

19255000

2000

61000

19195000

8964000

10291000

173087000

19000

570000

172534000

76195000

96892000

1400000

901186000

21000

571000

975386000

785791000

91854000

98292000

50373000

697237000

747610000

P7Y P7Y

1487000

ACQUISITIONS<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">During July 2024, the Company completed two acquisitions which brought new designer, illustration, animation, and engineering talent to Duolingo’s existing teams in addition to developed technology. The total aggregate consideration was $7,500, of which $7,100 represents the purchase price allocated to the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, as detailed below. Of this, $6,600 was paid in cash upon closing, and $500 is being held back until certain post-acquisition conditions are satisfied. This $500 is recorded as a Current liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The remaining $400 of the total aggregate consideration is contingent on one year of continued service of certain employees, and will be expensed over the period within General and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). During 2024, the Company incurred $736 of acquisition costs related to due diligence and valuation, which are included in General and administrative expense within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">We finalized the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2024. We did not record any measurement period adjustments during the year ended December 31, 2024. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition dates:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.996%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.804%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">July 2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other current assets acquired</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">37 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Intangible assets, net</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-indent:9pt">Technology</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,007 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Goodwill</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,488 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other liabilities assumed</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(437)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total purchase price</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,100 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce, future technologies and general going concern arising from the acquisitions. $3,600 of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.</div>

7500000

7100000

6600000

500000

400000

P1Y

736000

The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition dates:<div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.996%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.804%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">July 2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other current assets acquired</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">37 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Intangible assets, net</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-indent:9pt">Technology</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,007 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Goodwill</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,488 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other liabilities assumed</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(437)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total purchase price</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,100 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

5000

37000

1007000

6488000

437000

7100000

3600000

REVENUE<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has four predominant sources of revenues; time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to users in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. The Company does not enter into contracts with a customer that contain multiple promises that result in multiple performance </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">obligations. Revenue is recorded net of taxes assessed by a government authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue transactions between Duolingo and its users.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Revenue from time-based subscriptions includes a stand-ready obligation to provide hosting services that are consumed by the customer over the subscription period. Users can purchase Duolingo monthly or they can purchase a year-long subscription and pay for the subscription at the time of purchase. Under the year-long subscription, users can also purchase a single plan or a family plan. The family plan includes up to six users on one subscription. Such payments are initially recorded to deferred revenue. The user has the ability to download limited content offline. However, as there is a significant level of integration and interdependency with the online functionality, the Company considers the service to be a single performance obligation for the online and offline content. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company enters into arrangements with advertising networks to monetize the in-app advertising inventory. Revenue from in-app advertising placement is recognized at a point in time when the advertisement is placed and is based upon the amount received.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Duolingo English Test revenue is generally recognized once the tests have gone through the proctoring process and a certification decision has been made. This process usually takes less than 48 hours after the test has been completed and uploaded. Customers have 21 days from the date of purchase to take the exam or their purchase will expire and revenue will be recognized. Virtually all customers complete their exams prior to expiration. Sometimes organizations may purchase tests in bulk via coupons with a one year expiration date. The Company will defer revenue from all tests that have neither been proctored nor expired.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company’s users have the option to purchase consumable in-app virtual goods. The Company recognizes revenue over the period in which the user consumes the virtual good, which is generally within a month. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company also recognizes revenue from Dos Lenguas LLC “Duo’s Taquería”, a restaurant that opened during 2022, in the space adjacent to Duolingo’s headquarters in Pittsburgh. Revenue from Duo’s Taquería is recognized at a point in time when the sales are made.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Principal Agent Considerations—The Company makes its application available to be downloaded through third-party digital distribution service providers. Users who purchase subscriptions also pay through the respective app stores. The Company evaluates the purchases via third-party payment processors to determine whether its revenues should be reported gross or net of fees retained by the payment processor. The Company is the principal in the transaction with the end user as a result of controlling, hosting, and integrating the delivery of the virtual items to the end user. The Company records revenue gross as a principal and records fees paid to third-party payment processors as Cost of revenues.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Contract Balances—Deferred revenue mostly consists of payments received in advance of revenue recognition, and is mostly related to time-based subscriptions, which will be recognized into revenue over the course of the upcoming year (recognized over 12 months or less). Additionally, the Duolingo English Test has deferred revenue related to tests that have been purchased, but will not be recognized until the tests have been proctored. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Disaggregation of Revenue</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into revenue streams, which most closely depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.</div><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:52.906%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.806%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Revenues:</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Subscription</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">607,531 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">404,684 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">273,507 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">140,493 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">126,425 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">95,988 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total revenues</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">748,024 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">531,109 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">369,495 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table>________________</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1) Other revenue is comprised of the below.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:96.153%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:51.733%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:14.400%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.466%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:14.400%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:14.401%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="12" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Advertising</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">54,907 </td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">49,858 </td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">44,731 </td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Duolingo English Test</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">45,640 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">41,212 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">32,718 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">In-App Purchases</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">38,653 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">34,673 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">17,914 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1,293 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">682 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">625 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total other revenue</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">140,493 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">126,425 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">95,988 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"> </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Three service providers, Apple, Google and Stripe, processed 60.8%, 23.4%, and 11.7% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively. Three services providers, Apple, Google, and Stripe processed 58.5%, 25.6% and 12.1% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. Two services providers, Apple and Google, processed 54.2% and 28.1% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Information regarding geography of revenues is based upon the location where the users are located or, in the case of the Duolingo English Test, where the tests are taken:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.791%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">United States</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">311,539 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">238,759 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">168,320 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Rest of World</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">436,485 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">292,350 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">201,175 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">748,024 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">531,109 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">369,495 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Customers located in the United States accounted for 42%, 45% and 46% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. No other country accounted for more than 10% of revenue in the periods presented.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Changes in deferred revenues were as follows:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Beginning balance—January 1</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">249,192 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157,550 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Amount from beginning balance recognized into revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(248,667)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(157,550)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Recognition of deferred revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(402,937)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(287,429)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Deferral of revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">775,296 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">536,621 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Ending balance—December 31</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">372,884 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">249,192 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div>

4 6 PT48H P21D P1Y

<div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:52.906%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.806%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Revenues:</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Subscription</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">607,531 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">404,684 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">273,507 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">140,493 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">126,425 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">95,988 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total revenues</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">748,024 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">531,109 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">369,495 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table>________________</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1) Other revenue is comprised of the below.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:96.153%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:51.733%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:14.400%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.466%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:14.400%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:14.401%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="12" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Advertising</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">54,907 </td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">49,858 </td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">44,731 </td><td style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Duolingo English Test</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">45,640 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">41,212 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">32,718 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">In-App Purchases</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">38,653 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">34,673 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">17,914 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1,293 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">682 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">625 </td><td style="background-color:#d6d6d6;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total other revenue</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">140,493 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">126,425 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">95,988 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div>

607531000

404684000

273507000

140493000

126425000

95988000

748024000

531109000

369495000

54907000

49858000

44731000

45640000

41212000

32718000

38653000

34673000

17914000

1293000

682000

625000

140493000

126425000

95988000

0.608

0.234

0.117

0.585

0.256

0.121

0.542

0.281

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Information regarding geography of revenues is based upon the location where the users are located or, in the case of the Duolingo English Test, where the tests are taken:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.791%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">United States</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">311,539 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">238,759 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">168,320 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Rest of World</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">436,485 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">292,350 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">201,175 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">748,024 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">531,109 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">369,495 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div>

311539000

238759000

168320000

436485000

292350000

201175000

748024000

531109000

369495000

0.42

0.45

0.46

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Changes in deferred revenues were as follows:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Beginning balance—January 1</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">249,192 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157,550 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Amount from beginning balance recognized into revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(248,667)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(157,550)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Recognition of deferred revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(402,937)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(287,429)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Deferral of revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">775,296 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">536,621 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Ending balance—December 31</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">372,884 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">249,192 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div>

249192000

157550000

248667000

157550000

402937000 287429000 775296000 536621000

372884000

249192000

PROPERTY and EQUIPMENT, net<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Property and equipment consists of the following as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Leasehold improvements</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,938 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">18,191 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Furniture, fixtures and equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,415 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,869 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total property and equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">35,353 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">24,060 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Less: accumulated depreciation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(16,410)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(12,268)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total property and equipment, net</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">18,943 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">11,792 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Depreciation expense is included within the following financial statement line items within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:53.867%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.845%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Research and development</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,358 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,650 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,500 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">281 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">190 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">190 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,326 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,260 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,428 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,965 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,100 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,118 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

26938000

18191000

8415000

5869000

35353000

24060000

16410000

12268000

18943000

11792000

2358000

1650000

1500000

281000

190000

2326000

2260000

1428000

4965000

4100000

3118000

INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Capitalized software</div></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">35,681 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,895 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Acquired technology</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,007 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Other intangible assets</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">117 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">117 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:6pt">Total intangible assets</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">36,805 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">27,012 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Less: accumulated amortization</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(16,906)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,017)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Intangible assets, net</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,899 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,995 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company capitalized $9,024 and $10,394 of software development costs, with the majority of the costs being employee wages, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $238 and $0 of impairment of capitalized software in Research and Development within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which represents an impairment to write-off the capitalization of an internal-use software project prior to being launched to the user base. Amortization expense is included within the following financial statement line items within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:54.989%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.643%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.844%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cost of revenues</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,310 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,020 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">870 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Sales and marketing</div></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">579 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">975 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">882 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Total</div></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,889 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,995 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,752 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The estimated future amortization expense of capitalized software and acquired technology with definite lives as of December 31, 2024 was as follows:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.358%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Amortization Expense</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,493 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,991 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,750 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">234 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total estimated future amortization expense</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,782 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"> </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table represents the changes to goodwill during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.996%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.804%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Carrying amount</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Balance as of December 31, 2023</div></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,050 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Acquisitions</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,488 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Balance as of December 31, 2024</div></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,538 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $6,923 and $3,713 of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes, respectively.

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Capitalized software</div></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">35,681 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,895 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Acquired technology</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,007 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Other intangible assets</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">117 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">117 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:6pt">Total intangible assets</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">36,805 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">27,012 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Less: accumulated amortization</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(16,906)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,017)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Intangible assets, net</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,899 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,995 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

35681000

26895000

1007000

117000

36805000

27012000

16906000

11017000

19899000

15995000

9024000

10394000

238000

Amortization expense is included within the following financial statement line items within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).<div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:54.989%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.643%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.844%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cost of revenues</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,310 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,020 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">870 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Sales and marketing</div></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">579 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">975 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">882 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Total</div></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,889 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,995 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,752 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

5310000

2020000

870000

579000

975000

882000

5889000

2995000

1752000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The estimated future amortization expense of capitalized software and acquired technology with definite lives as of December 31, 2024 was as follows:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.358%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Amortization Expense</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,493 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,991 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,750 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">234 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total estimated future amortization expense</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">19,782 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

8493000

6991000

3750000

234000

157000

19782000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table represents the changes to goodwill during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.996%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.804%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Carrying amount</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Balance as of December 31, 2023</div></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,050 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Acquisitions</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,488 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div>Balance as of December 31, 2024</div></td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,538 </td><td style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

4050000

6488000

10538000

6923000 3713000

LEASES<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has entered into various operating leases for its office space expiring between fiscal 2024 and 2036. Certain lease agreements contain an option for the Company to renew a lease for a term of up to five years. The Company considers these options, which may be elected at the Company’s sole discretion, in determining the lease term on a lease-by-lease basis.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">On December 18, 2023, the Company entered into an Agreement of Sub-Sublease, with Spotify USA Inc., as Sub-Sublandlord for 85,666 square feet of office space in the building located at 4 World Trade Center, 150 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007 for use as additional office space. The term of the Sub-Sublease commenced on January 8, 2024 and will expire on April 29, 2034.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In February 2024, the Company signed a lease with Bullitt Center LLC for 7,940 square feet of office space in Seattle, Washington. The term of the lease is 63 months beginning on March 1, 2024 and expiring on May 31, 2029.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In March 2024, the Company entered into the First and Second Amendments (the “Amendments”) to the Office Lease Agreement with 5704 Penn Office, LLC (the "Landlord") for office space located at Liberty East (the “Premise”) at 141 South Saint Clair Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which, among other things, increased the leased square footage by 110,008 square feet to a total of 148,266 square feet beginning when construction of the leasehold improvements commences in the first half of 2025, with an expiration date of April 30, 2036. Under the terms of the Amendments, the Landlord will provide the Company with an improvement allowance of up to approximately $6,800 for costs relating to the design, permitting, and construction of improvements to the Premise.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In May 2024, the Company signed a lease with Beijing Hengshi Huarong Holding Co., Ltd. for 16,314 square feet of office space in Beijing, China. The term of the lease is 39 months beginning on May 20, 2024 and expiring on July 15, 2027.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following represents the components of lease cost for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 along with supplemental disclosures of cash flow information, lease term and discount rate: </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:53.867%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.845%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,982 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,459 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,076 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Short term lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">83 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">48 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">125 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Variable lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">468 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">252 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">63 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,533 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,759 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,264 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:6pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,727 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,512 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,168 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">33,039 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">909 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:9pt;text-indent:-9pt">Right of use assets disposed or adjusted, modifying operating leases liabilities</div></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,302 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,024 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,586)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:52.906%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.806%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average remaining lease term</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9 years</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9 years</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9 years</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average discount rate</td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.16 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.38 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.92 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Sublease income was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table reconciles future minimum undiscounted rental commitments for operating leases to operating lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.358%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Fiscal year</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,185 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,134 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,505 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,299 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,492 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">38,989 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total undiscounted lease payments</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">80,604 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Present value adjustment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(23,367)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease liabilities</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">57,237 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Current lease liabilities of $2,581 and $3,944 are presented within Accrued expenses and other liabilities while non-current lease liabilities of $54,656 and $21,094 are presented within Long-term obligation under operating leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</div>

P5Y

85666 7940

P63M

110008 148266 6800000 16314000

P39M

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following represents the components of lease cost for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 along with supplemental disclosures of cash flow information, lease term and discount rate: </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:53.867%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.845%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,982 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,459 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,076 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Short term lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">83 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">48 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">125 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Variable lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">468 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">252 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">63 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total lease cost</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,533 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,759 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,264 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:6pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,727 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,512 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,168 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">33,039 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">909 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:9pt;text-indent:-9pt">Right of use assets disposed or adjusted, modifying operating leases liabilities</div></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,302 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,024 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,586)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:52.906%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.806%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">December 31, 2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average remaining lease term</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9 years</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9 years</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e5e5e5;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9 years</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average discount rate</td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.16 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.38 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.92 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div>

9982000

7459000

7076000

83000

48000

125000

468000

252000

63000

10533000

7759000

7264000

5727000

7512000

5168000

33039000

909000

-1302000 -2024000 1586000

P9Y

0.0716

0.0738

0.0692

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table reconciles future minimum undiscounted rental commitments for operating leases to operating lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.358%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Fiscal year</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,185 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,134 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,505 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,299 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,492 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">38,989 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total undiscounted lease payments</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">80,604 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Present value adjustment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(23,367)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease liabilities</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">57,237 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

4185000

9134000

9505000

9299000

9492000

38989000

80604000

23367000

57237000

2581000

3944000

54656000

21094000

INCOME TAXES<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 income (loss) before income taxes included the following components:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.791%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Domestic</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">97,051 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,501 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(60,099)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,255 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,276 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,463 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">102,306 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">17,777 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(58,636)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 the Company recognized the following provision for income taxes: </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.791%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Current:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Federal</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,652 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">895 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">302 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,639 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">607 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">327 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">284 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">341 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">524 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13,575 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,843 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,153 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:9pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Federal</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(133)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(215)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(133)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(215)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:9pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total provision for income taxes</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13,732 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,710 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">938 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The provision for income taxes differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory rate as follows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.791%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Expected income tax expense at federal statutory rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">State taxes, net of Federal income tax effect</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(3.8)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(35.1)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">6.7 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Section 162(m) limitation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">58.1 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">56.5 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(15.2)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Equity compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(97.9)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(208.4)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">28.4 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Meals and entertainment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1.2 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">5.6 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(1.2)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Foreign-Derived Intangible Income deduction</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(13.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(13.4)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other permanent adjustments</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1.8 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">2.2 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">0.3 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Research and development credit</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(23.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(76.4)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">11.7 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">70.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">257.6 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(53.3)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Effective income tax rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">13.4 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">9.6 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(1.6)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The 2024 and 2023 effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate as a result of an increase in tax deductible stock-based compensation and the generation of research and development tax credits offset by an increase in the valuation allowance for the Company’s net deferred tax assets. For 2022, the </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">effective tax rate is less than the statutory rate primarily as a result of the valuation allowance for the Company’s net deferred tax assets.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has the following deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:70.374%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Net operating loss carryforwards</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">4,491 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">15,533 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Stock-based compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">4,755 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">5,207 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Research and development credits</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">61,198 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">38,146 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Lease liability</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">13,004 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">5,739 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Section 174 research and development capitalization</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">190,768 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">102,055 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Marketing and advertising</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">674 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">766 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Sales tax / Value added tax ("VAT") reserve</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">560 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">397 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other deferred tax assets</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">70 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">65 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(256,728)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(156,870)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total deferred tax assets</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">18,792 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">11,038 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr style="height:6pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">ROU asset</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(10,757)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(4,354)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Property and equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(2,885)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(2,164)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Capitalized software</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(4,444)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(3,716)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other deferred tax liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(322)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(38)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total deferred tax liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(18,408)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(10,272)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr style="height:6pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Net deferred taxes</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">384 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">766 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has provided a full valuation allowance for its U.S. federal and state net deferred tax asset as it is not more likely than not that the asset will be realized. The movement in valuation allowance of $99,858 is primarily related to the:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•increase to the deferred tax assets for the capitalization of research and development expenditures under Section 174, which was a change in tax law from the Tax Cuts and Job Acts of 2017, which went into effect in January 2022, </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•an increase in the generation of research and development tax credits, and</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">•a reduction in the Company’s net operating losses. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has a deferred tax asset with respect to its China subsidiary, against which no valuation allowance has been recorded. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Given the Company’s recent history of earnings, management believes that there is a reasonable possibility that, within the next twelve months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow management to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the valuation allowance recorded against the deferred tax assets held will be reversed. The reversal would result in an income tax benefit for the quarterly and annual fiscal period in which the Company releases the valuation allowance. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change on the basis of the level of profitability that the Company actually achieves.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table represents the activity in our valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:70.374%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Beginning balance—January 1</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(156,870)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(108,504)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Valuation allowances established</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(99,858)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(48,366)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Release of valuation allowances</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Ending balance—December 31</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(256,728)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(156,870)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has utilized its remaining federal net operating loss carryforwards in 2024 and has approximately $60,683 in state net operating loss carryforwards. Certain of these loss carryforwards have an indefinite life and other amounts are available to offset future taxable income through 2043. The Company has approximately $61,198 in federal and state general business credits that are available to offset future taxable income through 2043. The Company has analyzed the impact of IRC Sections 382 and 383 on these tax attributes and has determined that no prior ownership changes have occurred which would limit the Company’s ability to utilize the NOLs and research and development tax credits.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company’s tax years through the 2024 tax year remain subject to examination by federal and state tax authorities.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company utilizes a more-likely-than-not standard in recognizing a tax benefit in its financial statements. No uncertain tax benefits have been recorded in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.</div>

97051000

16501000

-60099000

5255000

1276000

1463000

102306000

17777000

-58636000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 the Company recognized the following provision for income taxes: </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.791%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Current:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Federal</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,652 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">895 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">302 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,639 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">607 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">327 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">284 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">341 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">524 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13,575 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,843 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,153 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:9pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Federal</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(133)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(215)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(133)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(215)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:9pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total provision for income taxes</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13,732 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,710 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">938 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The provision for income taxes differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory rate as follows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.791%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Expected income tax expense at federal statutory rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">State taxes, net of Federal income tax effect</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(3.8)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(35.1)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">6.7 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Section 162(m) limitation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">58.1 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">56.5 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(15.2)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Equity compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(97.9)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(208.4)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">28.4 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Meals and entertainment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1.2 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">5.6 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(1.2)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Foreign-Derived Intangible Income deduction</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(13.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(13.4)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other permanent adjustments</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1.8 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">2.2 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">0.3 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Research and development credit</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(23.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(76.4)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">11.7 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">70.0 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">257.6 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(53.3)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Effective income tax rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">13.4 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">9.6 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(1.6)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">%</td></tr></table></div>

10652000

895000

302000

2639000

607000

327000

284000

341000

524000

13575000

1843000

1153000

157000

-133000

-215000

157000

-133000

-215000

13732000

1710000

938000

0.210

-0.038

-0.351

0.067

0.581

0.565

-0.152

-0.979

-2.084

0.284

0.012

0.056

-0.012

0.135

0.134

0.018

0.022

0.003

0.235

0.764

-0.117

0.700

2.576

-0.533

0.134

0.096

-0.016

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company has the following deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:70.374%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Net operating loss carryforwards</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">4,491 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">15,533 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Stock-based compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">4,755 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">5,207 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Research and development credits</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">61,198 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">38,146 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Lease liability</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">13,004 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">5,739 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Section 174 research and development capitalization</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">190,768 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">102,055 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Marketing and advertising</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">674 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">766 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Sales tax / Value added tax ("VAT") reserve</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">560 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">397 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Other deferred tax assets</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">70 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">65 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(256,728)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(156,870)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total deferred tax assets</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">18,792 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">11,038 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr style="height:6pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">ROU asset</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(10,757)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(4,354)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Property and equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(2,885)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(2,164)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Capitalized software</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(4,444)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(3,716)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other deferred tax liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(322)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(38)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Total deferred tax liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(18,408)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(10,272)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr style="height:6pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Net deferred taxes</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">384 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">766 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div>

4491000

15533000

4755000

5207000

61198000

38146000

13004000 5739000

190768000

102055000

674000

766000

560000 397000

70000

65000

256728000

156870000

18792000

11038000

10757000

4354000

2885000

2164000

4444000

3716000

322000

38000

18408000

10272000

384000

766000

99858000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The following table represents the activity in our valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:70.374%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.842%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Beginning balance—January 1</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(156,870)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(108,504)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Valuation allowances established</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(99,858)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(48,366)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Release of valuation allowances</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Ending balance—December 31</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(256,728)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(156,870)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

156870000

108504000

99858000 48366000 0 0

256728000

156870000

60683000

61198000

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Prior to the IPO, the Company granted options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and restricted stock units (“RSU”) in respect of shares of the Company’s common stock to employees, directors and consultants under the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. In July 2021, Duolingo adopted the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (“2021 Plan”) and the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), each of which became effective on July 26, 2021 in connection with the IPO. An aggregate of 7,946 shares and 1,119 shares of Class A common stock were made available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan and ESPP, respectively. Pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Plan, on each January 1 through January 1, 2031, the number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan automatically increases by the lesser of (i) 5% of the shares outstanding on the preceding December 31 (calculated on an as-converted basis) and (ii) such smaller number of shares of common stock as determined by the Board or the Committee (as defined in the 2021 Plan). Pursuant to the terms of the ESPP, on each January 1 through January 1, 2031, the number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock available for issuance automatically increases by the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares outstanding on the preceding December 31 and (ii) such smaller number of shares of common stock as determined by the Board or the Committee (as defined in the ESPP). On January 1, 2025, the number of Class A shares available under the 2021 Plan was increased by 2,247 shares of common stock. The Board waived the 2025 automatic annual increase of shares available for future issuance under the ESPP, and the Company intends to waive such automatic annual increase for all applicable future periods.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company’s stock options vest based on terms in the stock option agreements, which generally provide for vesting over four years based on continued service to the Company and its subsidiaries. Each option has a term of ten years. Stock options granted under the 2021 Plan must generally have an exercise price of not less than the estimated fair market value of the underlying Class A common stock at the date of the grant. No options have been granted under the 2021 Plan. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">A summary of stock option activity under the Plans was as follows:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:37.361%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.807%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands, except prices and years)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of options</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- average exercise price</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- average remaining contractual life (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Aggregate intrinsic value</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Options outstanding at January 1, 2024</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,985 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16.04 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.60</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">629,865 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Granted (1)</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Exercised</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(1,462)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13.24 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Forfeited and expired (2)</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">20.75 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="padding-left:9pt;text-indent:-9pt">Options outstanding at December 31, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,523 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">18.73 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.67</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">465,985 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:9pt;text-indent:-9pt">Options exercisable at December 31, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,523 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">18.65 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.67</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">465,654 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">________________</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1) There were no stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2024.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(2) There was a nominal amount of forfeitures and expirations during the year ended December 31, 2024.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The total intrinsic value of options exercised was approximately $365,484, $192,456 and $140,884 for the periods ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">A summary of RSU activity under the Plans was as follows:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands, except prices)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Restricted stock units</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- average grant date fair value per share</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Outstanding at January 1, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">2,027 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">106.32 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Granted</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">719 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">199.82 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Released</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(821)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">103.81 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Forfeited</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(123)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">118.58 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Outstanding at December 31, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1,802 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">143.96 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">As of December 31, 2024, there was approximately $23 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted under the plans with a weighted-average period of approximately 2 months. The amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for RSUs as of December 31, 2024 was $239,138 with a weighted-average period of approximately three years. Total unrecognized compensation expense as of December 31, 2024 was $239,161. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">There were 8,951 shares available for grant at December 31, 2024.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Performance-based RSUs </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">In June 2021, the Company granted an aggregate of 1,800 performance-based RSUs (the “Founder Awards”) to the Company’s founders. The Founder Awards vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based condition and a performance-based condition and generally are settled one year after vesting. The service-based condition is satisfied as to 25% of the Founder Awards on each anniversary of the IPO on July 27, 2021, subject to the continuous service of the founders through the applicable date. The performance-based condition will be satisfied with respect to each of 10 equal tranches only if the trailing 60-calendar day volume-weighted-average closing trading price of the Company’s Class A common stock reaches certain stock-price hurdles for each such tranche, as set forth below, over a period of 10 years from the date of grant. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Any RSUs associated with stock-price hurdles not achieved by the tenth anniversary of the date of grant will terminate and be canceled for no additional consideration to the founders. The stock-price hurdles and number of RSUs eligible to vest will be adjusted to reflect any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, reorganizations, reclassifications, or similar events under the 2021 Plan. The Founder Awards will be settled in shares of the Company’s Class B common stock.<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.358%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:39.706%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.445%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:26.480%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.445%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:29.224%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Tranche</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Company Stock Price Hurdle</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of RSUs Eligible to Vest</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">1 (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">127.50 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2 (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">153.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">3 (2)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">178.50 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">4 (3)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">204.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">5 (4)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">255.00 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">6 (5)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">306.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">7</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">357.00 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">8</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">408.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">612.00 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">270 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">10</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">816.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">360 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div>________________</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1) Stock price hurdle for the tranche was achieved in 2021, the service condition satisfied in 2022, and shares were released to CEO and CTO on August 14, 2023. Of the 180 shares underlying RSUs released, an aggregate of 96 shares were disbursed to the founders in a net-share settlement, and 84 shares were withheld by the Company to cover the founders’ tax withholding obligations.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(2) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of November 22, 2023; the shares were released after the one-year holding requirement was satisfied on November 22, 2024. Of the 90 shares underlying RSUs released, an aggregate of 42 shares were disbursed to the founders in a net-share settlement, and 48 shares were withheld by the Company to cover the founders’ tax withholding obligations.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(3) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of December 26, 2023; the shares were released after the one-year holding requirement was satisfied on December 26, 2024. Of the 180 shares underlying RSUs released, an aggregate of 85 shares were disbursed to the founders in a net-share settlement, and 95 shares were withheld by the Company to cover the founders’ tax withholding obligations.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(4) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of October 18, 2024; the shares will be released after the one-year holding requirement has been satisfied.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(5) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of November 26, 2024; the shares will be released after the one-year holding requirement has been satisfied.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company estimated the grant date fair value of the Founder Awards using a model based on multiple stock-price paths developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates into the valuation the possibility that the stock-price hurdles may not be satisfied. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Founder Awards was estimated to be $61.56 per share using the below inputs.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:84.957%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Input</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Assumption</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Valuation Date</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">June 28, 2021</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Risk-free interest rate</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">1.48%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Expected life</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">9.98</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Expected volatility</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">51.67%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Dividend yield</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">0.00%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Fair value of common stock</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">$95.00</td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company estimates that it will recognize total stock-based compensation expense of approximately $110,817 over the derived service period of each of the ten separate tranches which is between 3.58 – 5.92 years. If the stock-price hurdles are met sooner than the requisite service period, the stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted to prospectively recognize the remaining expense over the remaining derived service period. Provided that the founders continue to provide services to the Company, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the derived service period, regardless of whether the stock-price hurdles are achieved. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company recognized $19,799, $26,622 and $30,997 of stock-based compensation expense related to the Founders Awards for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included within General and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). As of December 31, 2024, there is $16,936 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to these awards. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Total stock-based compensation expense was $110,477, $95,221 and $73,820 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Stock-based compensation expense is included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) as shown in the following table: </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:53.867%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.845%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cost of revenues</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">68 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">55 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">38 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Research and development</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">60,076 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">45,119 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,373 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,912 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,908 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,540 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">45,421 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,139 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">44,869 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">110,477 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">95,221 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">73,820 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Nominal amounts of stock-based compensation expense is capitalized into intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.</div>

7946000

1119000

0.05

0.01

2247000

P4Y

P10Y

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">A summary of stock option activity under the Plans was as follows:<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:37.361%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.807%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands, except prices and years)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of options</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- average exercise price</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- average remaining contractual life (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Aggregate intrinsic value</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Options outstanding at January 1, 2024</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,985 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16.04 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.60</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">629,865 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Granted (1)</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Exercised</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(1,462)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13.24 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 7pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Forfeited and expired (2)</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">20.75 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="padding-left:9pt;text-indent:-9pt">Options outstanding at December 31, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,523 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">18.73 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.67</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">465,985 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:9pt;text-indent:-9pt">Options exercisable at December 31, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,523 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">18.65 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.67</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">465,654 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">________________</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1) There were no stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2024.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(2) There was a nominal amount of forfeitures and expirations during the year ended December 31, 2024.</div>

2985000

16.04

P5Y7M6D

629865000

1462000

13.24

20.75

1523000

18.73

P4Y8M1D

465985000

1523000

18.65

P4Y8M1D

465654000

365484000

192456000

140884000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">A summary of RSU activity under the Plans was as follows:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.839%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:68.402%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.827%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.442%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.829%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands, except prices)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Restricted stock units</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- average grant date fair value per share</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Outstanding at January 1, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">2,027 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">106.32 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Granted</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">719 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">199.82 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Released</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(821)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">103.81 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 13pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Forfeited</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">(123)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">118.58 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div>Outstanding at December 31, 2024</div></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">1,802 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top">143.96 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"></td></tr></table></div>

2027000

106.32

719000

199.82

821000

103.81

123000

118.58

1802000

143.96

23000

P2M

239138000

P3Y

239161000

8951000

1800000

P1Y

0.25

10 60

P10Y

<table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.358%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:39.706%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.445%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:26.480%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.445%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:29.224%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Tranche</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Company Stock Price Hurdle</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of RSUs Eligible to Vest</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">1 (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">127.50 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2 (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">153.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">3 (2)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">178.50 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">4 (3)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">204.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">5 (4)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">255.00 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">6 (5)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">306.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">7</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">357.00 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">8</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">408.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">9</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">612.00 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">270 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">10</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">816.00 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">360 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table><div>________________</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1) Stock price hurdle for the tranche was achieved in 2021, the service condition satisfied in 2022, and shares were released to CEO and CTO on August 14, 2023. Of the 180 shares underlying RSUs released, an aggregate of 96 shares were disbursed to the founders in a net-share settlement, and 84 shares were withheld by the Company to cover the founders’ tax withholding obligations.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(2) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of November 22, 2023; the shares were released after the one-year holding requirement was satisfied on November 22, 2024. Of the 90 shares underlying RSUs released, an aggregate of 42 shares were disbursed to the founders in a net-share settlement, and 48 shares were withheld by the Company to cover the founders’ tax withholding obligations.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(3) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of December 26, 2023; the shares were released after the one-year holding requirement was satisfied on December 26, 2024. Of the 180 shares underlying RSUs released, an aggregate of 85 shares were disbursed to the founders in a net-share settlement, and 95 shares were withheld by the Company to cover the founders’ tax withholding obligations.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(4) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of October 18, 2024; the shares will be released after the one-year holding requirement has been satisfied.</div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:18pt;text-indent:-18pt">(5) Stock price hurdle and the service condition for the tranche was achieved as of November 26, 2024; the shares will be released after the one-year holding requirement has been satisfied.</div>The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Founder Awards was estimated to be $61.56 per share using the below inputs.<div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:84.957%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.843%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Input</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Assumption</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Valuation Date</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">June 28, 2021</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Risk-free interest rate</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">1.48%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Expected life</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">9.98</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Expected volatility</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">51.67%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Dividend yield</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">0.00%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top">Fair value of common stock</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">$95.00</td></tr></table></div>

127.50 90000 153.00 90000 178.50 90000 204.00 180000 255.00 180000 306.00 180000 357.00 180000 408.00 180000 612.00 270000 816.00 360000

180000

96000

84000

90000

42000

48000

180000

85000

95000

61.56

0.0148

P9Y11M23D

0.5167

0.0000

95.00

110817000

P3Y6M29D

P5Y11M1D

19799000

26622000

30997000

16936000

110477000

95221000

73820000

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Stock-based compensation expense is included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) as shown in the following table: </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:53.867%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.845%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cost of revenues</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">68 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">55 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">38 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Research and development</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">60,076 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">45,119 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,373 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,912 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,908 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,540 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">45,421 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,139 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">44,869 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">110,477 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">95,221 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">73,820 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

68000

55000

38000

60076000

45119000

26373000

4912000

3908000

2540000

45421000

46139000

44869000

110477000

95221000

73820000

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Legal Proceedings— From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business and may be subject to third-party infringement claims. The outcome of any such claims or proceedings, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain. The Company is not currently party to any material legal proceedings.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Related Parties— The Company has determined that there were no transactions with related parties as of or during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Letters of Credit— The Company has a standby letter of credit obtained in connection with an operating lease. This letter of credit acts as security for the faithful performance by us of all terms, covenants and </div>conditions of the lease agreement. The amount of the letter of credit is equal to six months rent of $442, totaling $2,656. The cash collateral for the letter of credit has been recognized as restricted cash in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and is equivalent to 103% of the letter of credit and totaled $2,735.

P6M 442000

2656000

1.03

2735000

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">The Company sponsors a profit sharing plan with a 401(k) feature, the Duolingo Retirement Plan (the “Plan”), for eligible employees. The current Plan, effective January 1, 2021, provides for Company safe harbor matching contributions of 100% of the first 4% of the employees’ elective deferrals and 50% of the next 2%, with vesting starting upon the first day of employment. The Company also has the option to make discretionary matching or profit sharing contributions. The Company made safe harbor matching contributions of approximately $6,965, $5,908 and $4,624 during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively. The Company did not make any discretionary matching or profit sharing contributions during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.</div>

0.04

0.50

0.02

6965000

5908000

4624000

EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. </div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase. The diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to 20 votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into a share of Class A common stock voluntarily at any time by the holder, and automatically upon certain events. The Class A common stock has no conversion rights. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for Class A and Class B common stock, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportional basis and the resulting net income per share attributable to common stockholders will, therefore, be the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on an individual or combined basis.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:52.906%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.806%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands, except per share data)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Numerator:</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:top">Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">88,574 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,067 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(59,574)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Denominator:</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:top">Weighted-average shares in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">43,504 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">41,451 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,470 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Effect of dilutive securities</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Founder awards where performance has been met</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">360 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">270 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Dilutive effect of stock options outstanding (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,435 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,774 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,802 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,027 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Denominator for dilutive net income per common share - weighted-average shares</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,101 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,522 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,470 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Basic income (loss) per common share</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2.04 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.39 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.51)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Diluted income (loss) per common share</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.88 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.35 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.51)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div>________________</div><div>(1) The Company had 1.5 million options outstanding as of December 31, 2024. The estimated dilutive effect is calculated as the number of shares expected to be issued upon vesting or exercise, adjusted for the strike price proceeds that are received by the Company and assumed to be used to repurchase shares of Duolingo common stock.</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Since the Company was in a net loss position for the year ended December 31, 2022 there is no difference between the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted loss per share. The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the period presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows:</div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.996%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.804%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Stock options outstanding</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,410 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:top">Founder awards where performance has been met</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,036 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,626 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:9pt">Founder awards of 1,620, where the performance criteria has not been satisfied, are excluded from the above table because the stock-price hurdles for those awards had not been met as of December 31, 2022.</div>

1 20

As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for Class A and Class B common stock, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportional basis and the resulting net income per share attributable to common stockholders will, therefore, be the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on an individual or combined basis.<div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:52.906%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.803%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.441%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.806%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands, except per share data)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Numerator:</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:top">Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">88,574 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,067 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(59,574)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Denominator:</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:top">Weighted-average shares in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">43,504 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">41,451 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,470 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Effect of dilutive securities</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Founder awards where performance has been met</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">360 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">270 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Dilutive effect of stock options outstanding (1)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,435 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,774 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,802 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,027 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Denominator for dilutive net income per common share - weighted-average shares</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,101 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,522 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,470 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Basic income (loss) per common share</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2.04 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.39 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.51)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Diluted income (loss) per common share</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.88 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.35 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.51)</td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div>________________</div><div>(1) The Company had 1.5 million options outstanding as of December 31, 2024. The estimated dilutive effect is calculated as the number of shares expected to be issued upon vesting or exercise, adjusted for the strike price proceeds that are received by the Company and assumed to be used to repurchase shares of Duolingo common stock.</div>

88574000

16067000

-59574000

43504000

41451000

39470000

360000

270000

1435000

2774000

1802000

2027000

47101000

46522000

39470000

2.04

0.39

-1.51

1.88

0.35

-1.51

1500000

The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the period presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows:<div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:83.996%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.804%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">(In thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Stock options outstanding</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">180 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,410 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:top">Founder awards where performance has been met</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,036 </td><td style="background-color:#dbdbdb;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6,626 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr></table></div>

180000

4410000

2036000

6626000

1620000

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">None.</div>

<div style="margin-bottom:9pt">On November 14, 2024, Natalie Glance, Chief Engineering Officer, entered into a 10b5-1 sales plan (the “Glance 10b5-1 Sales Plan”) intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act and providing for (i) the sale of the net number of shares of Class A common stock underlying 22,099 unvested restricted stock units received after giving effect to the number of shares automatically sold to satisfy tax withholding obligations on each applicable vesting date (such total number of shares covered under clause (i) is not determinable) and (ii) the sale of 14,855 shares of Class A common stock shares. The Glance 10b5-1 Sales Plan will remain in effect until the earlier of (1) December 31, 2025, (2) the date on which all trades set forth in the Glance 10b5-1 Sales Plan have been executed, or (3) such time as the Glance 10b5-1 Sales Plan is otherwise terminated according to its terms.</div> November 14, 2024 Natalie Glance Chief Engineering Officer true 22099 14855 December 31, 2025 On December 7, 2024, Gillian Munson, a member of our Board of Directors, entered into a 10b5-1 sales plan (the “Munson 10b5-1 Sales Plan”) intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act and providing for the potential exercise of vested stock options and the associated sale of up to 5,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Munson 10b5-1 Sales Plan will remain in effect until the earlier of (1) August 14, 2025, (2) the date on which all trades set forth in the Munson 10b5-1 Sales Plan have been executed, or (3) such time as the Munson 10b5-1 Sales Plan is otherwise terminated according to its terms. December 7, 2024 Gillian Munson member of our Board of Directors true 5000 August 14, 2025 On December 9, 2024, James Shelton, a member of our Board of Directors, entered into a 10b5-1 sales plan (the “Shelton 10b5-1 Sales Plan”) intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act and providing for (i) the potential exercise of vested stock options and the associated sale of up to 20,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and (ii) the sale of up to 895 shares of Class A common stock underlying unvested restricted stock units. The Shelton 10b5-1 Sales Plan will remain in effect until the earlier of (1) August 29, 2025, (2) the date on which all trades set forth in the Shelton 10b5-1 Sales Plan have been executed, or (3) such time as the Shelton 10b5-1 Sales Plan is otherwise terminated according to its terms. December 9, 2024 James Shelton member of our Board of Directors true 20000 895 August 29, 2025 <div style="margin-bottom:9pt">On December 9, 2024, Robert Meese, Chief Business Officer, entered into a 10b5-1 sales plan (the “Meese 10b5-1 Sales Plan”) intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act and providing for (i) the sale of the net number of shares of Class A common stock underlying 3,543 restricted stock units received after giving effect to the number of shares automatically sold under the Meese 10b5-1 Sales Plan to satisfy tax withholding obligations on each applicable vesting date (such total number of shares covered under clause (i) is not determinable) and (ii) the sale of 18,080 shares of Class A common stock shares. The Meese 10b5-1 Sales Plan will remain in effect until the earlier of (1) December 31, 2025, (2) the date on which all trades set forth in the Meese 10b5-1 Sales Plan have been executed, or (3) such time as the Meese 10b5-1 Sales Plan is otherwise terminated according to its terms.</div> December 9, 2024 Robert Meese Chief Business Officer true 3543 18080 December 31, 2025 false false false true